Electric truck

An electric truck is a battery electric vehicle (BEV) designed to transport cargo, carry specialized payloads, or perform other utilitarian work.

Electric trucks have serviced niche applications like milk floats, pushback tugs and forklifts for over a hundred years, typically using lead-acid batteries, but the rapid development of lighter and more energy-dense battery chemistries in the twenty-first century has broadened the range of applicability of electric propulsion to trucks in many more roles.

Electric trucks reduce noise and pollution, relative to internal-combustion trucks. Due to the high efficiency and low component-counts of electric power trains, no fuel burning while idle, and silent and efficient acceleration, the costs of owning and operating electric trucks are dramatically lower than their predecessors.^[1]^[2] According to the United States Department of Energy, the average cost per kWh capacity of battery packs for trucks fell from $500 in 2013 to $200 in 2019, and still further to $137 in 2020, with some vehicles under $100 for the first time.^[3]^[4]

Long-distance freight has been the trucking segment least amenable to electrification, since the increased weight of batteries, relative to fuel, detracts from payload capacity, and the alternative, more frequent recharging, detracts from delivery time. By contrast, short-haul urban delivery has been electrified rapidly, since the clean and quiet nature of electric trucks fit well with urban planning and municipal regulation, and the capacities of reasonably sized batteries are well-suited to daily stop-and-go traffic within a metropolitan area.^[5]^[6]^[7]

In South Korea, electric trucks hold a noticeable share of the new truck market; in 2020, among trucks produced and sold domestically (which are the vast majority of new trucks sold in the country), 7.6% were all-electric vehicles.^[8]

^ "Calculating the total cost of ownership for electric trucks". Transport Dive. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
^ "Electric trucking offers fleets ergonomic efficiency potential | Automotive World". www.automotiveworld.com. 2021-01-11. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
^ Adler, Alan (2019-03-08). "2019 Work Truck Show: Adoption of Electrification Won't be Fast". Trucks.com. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
^ Edelstein, Stephen (2020-12-17). "EV battery pack prices fell 13% in 2020, some are already below $100/kwh". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 2021-06-13. Electric-car battery-pack prices have fallen 13% in 2020, in some cases reaching a crucial milestone for affordability, according to an annual report released Wednesday by Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Average prices have dropped from $1,100 per kilowatt-hour to $137 per kwh, decrease of 89% over the past decade, according to the analysis. At this time last year, BNEF reported an average price of $156 per kwh—itself a 13% decrease from 2018. Battery-pack prices of less than $100 per kwh were also reported for the first time, albeit only for electric buses in China, according to BNEF. The $100-per-kwh threshold is often touted by analysts as the point where electric vehicles will achieve true affordability. Batteries also achieved $100 per kwh on a per-cell basis, while packs actually came in at $126 per kwh on a volume-weighted average, BNEF noted.
^ Domonoske, Camila (2021-03-17). "From Amazon To FedEx, The Delivery Truck Is Going Electric". National Public Radio. Retrieved 2021-06-13. All major delivery companies are starting to replace their gas-powered fleets with electric or low-emission vehicles, a switch that companies say will boost their bottom lines, while also fighting climate change and urban pollution. UPS has placed an order for 10,000 electric delivery vehicles. Amazon is buying 100,000 from the start-up Rivian. DHL says zero-emission vehicles make up a fifth of its fleet, with more to come. And FedEx just pledged to replace 100% of its pickup and delivery fleet with battery-powered vehicles.
^ Joselow, Maxine (2020-01-11). "Delivery Vehicles Increasingly Choke Cities with Pollution". Scientific American. Retrieved 2021-06-13. Electric vehicles, delivery drones and rules on when delivery trucks can operate are some solutions proposed in a new report. The report provides 24 recommendations for policymakers and the private sector, including mandating that delivery vehicles are electric. The report notes that if policymakers care about sustainability, they may want to impose aggressive new electric vehicle regulations.
^ Gies, Erica (2017-12-18). "Electric Trucks Begin Reporting for Duty, Quietly and Without All the Fumes". Inside Climate News. Retrieved 2021-06-13. Replacing fleets of medium- and heavy-duty trucks can help cut greenhouse gas emissions and make cities quieter and cleaner. Because trucks need so much hauling power, they have eluded electrification until recently; a battery that could pull significant weight would itself be too hefty and too expensive. But now, improvements in battery technology are paying off, bringing down both size and cost. The number of hybrid-electric and electric trucks is set to grow almost 25 percent annually, from 1 percent of the market in 2017 to 7 percent in 2027, a jump from about 40,000 electric trucks worldwide this year to 371,000.
^ Hyundai Porter/Porter II Electric: 9037. Kia Bongo EV: 5357. Domestically produced trucks sold in the country: 188222. mk.co.kr autoview.co.kr zdnet.co.kr

[1] "Calculating the total cost of ownership for electric trucks". Transport Dive. Retrieved 2021-02-27.

[2] "Electric trucking offers fleets ergonomic efficiency potential | Automotive World". www.automotiveworld.com. 2021-01-11. Retrieved 2021-02-27.

[3] Adler, Alan (2019-03-08). "2019 Work Truck Show: Adoption of Electrification Won't be Fast". Trucks.com. Retrieved 2019-04-04.

[4] Edelstein, Stephen (2020-12-17). "EV battery pack prices fell 13% in 2020, some are already below $100/kwh". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 2021-06-13. Electric-car battery-pack prices have fallen 13% in 2020, in some cases reaching a crucial milestone for affordability, according to an annual report released Wednesday by Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Average prices have dropped from $1,100 per kilowatt-hour to $137 per kwh, decrease of 89% over the past decade, according to the analysis. At this time last year, BNEF reported an average price of $156 per kwh—itself a 13% decrease from 2018. Battery-pack prices of less than $100 per kwh were also reported for the first time, albeit only for electric buses in China, according to BNEF. The $100-per-kwh threshold is often touted by analysts as the point where electric vehicles will achieve true affordability. Batteries also achieved $100 per kwh on a per-cell basis, while packs actually came in at $126 per kwh on a volume-weighted average, BNEF noted.

[5] Domonoske, Camila (2021-03-17). "From Amazon To FedEx, The Delivery Truck Is Going Electric". National Public Radio. Retrieved 2021-06-13. All major delivery companies are starting to replace their gas-powered fleets with electric or low-emission vehicles, a switch that companies say will boost their bottom lines, while also fighting climate change and urban pollution. UPS has placed an order for 10,000 electric delivery vehicles. Amazon is buying 100,000 from the start-up Rivian. DHL says zero-emission vehicles make up a fifth of its fleet, with more to come. And FedEx just pledged to replace 100% of its pickup and delivery fleet with battery-powered vehicles.

[6] Joselow, Maxine (2020-01-11). "Delivery Vehicles Increasingly Choke Cities with Pollution". Scientific American. Retrieved 2021-06-13. Electric vehicles, delivery drones and rules on when delivery trucks can operate are some solutions proposed in a new report. The report provides 24 recommendations for policymakers and the private sector, including mandating that delivery vehicles are electric. The report notes that if policymakers care about sustainability, they may want to impose aggressive new electric vehicle regulations.

[7] Gies, Erica (2017-12-18). "Electric Trucks Begin Reporting for Duty, Quietly and Without All the Fumes". Inside Climate News. Retrieved 2021-06-13. Replacing fleets of medium- and heavy-duty trucks can help cut greenhouse gas emissions and make cities quieter and cleaner. Because trucks need so much hauling power, they have eluded electrification until recently; a battery that could pull significant weight would itself be too hefty and too expensive. But now, improvements in battery technology are paying off, bringing down both size and cost. The number of hybrid-electric and electric trucks is set to grow almost 25 percent annually, from 1 percent of the market in 2017 to 7 percent in 2027, a jump from about 40,000 electric trucks worldwide this year to 371,000.

[skorea-8] Hyundai Porter/Porter II Electric: 9037. Kia Bongo EV: 5357. Domestically produced trucks sold in the country: 188222. mk.co.kr autoview.co.kr zdnet.co.kr

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